Refugees and humanitarian

Humanitarian and compassionate grounds

A request to become a permanent resident when you do not fit any other program, judged on your ties to Canada and the hardship you would face.

OpenStatus checked Nov 7, 2026

Open, but processing is very long and it is meant as a last resort. Get advice before you apply.

Key requirements

For people who do not fit any other program and would face hardship if they had to leave Canada.
Officers weigh your ties to Canada, the best interests of any children affected, and conditions in your home country.
Generally not available while a refugee claim is pending, or within a year of a negative refugee decision.
A two-step process: approval in principle, then the permanent residence decision.

Read our full guide Go to the official page

Related pathways

Open with limits

Claiming refugee protection in Canada

People in Canada who fear persecution or serious harm at home can ask for protection, and the Immigration and Refugee Board decides most claims.

Open, with new limits: under a 2026 law, most claims made more than a year after arriving are no longer sent to the Board. Get legal advice early.

Details and alternatives Read our guide Official page

Open

Spousal and partner sponsorship

A Canadian citizen or permanent resident sponsors their spouse, common-law or conjugal partner for permanent residence, from inside or outside Canada.

Open all year.

Details and alternatives Read our guide Official page

All pathways

Statuses change, sometimes with little notice. Always confirm on the official page before you apply. This is general information, not legal advice.